This eBook was written by Andrew Pickering | James Rockey in October 2007 for Department of Economics, University of Bristol, 8 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1TN.We analyze the impact of ideology on the size of government. In a simple model the government sets redistribution and provision of public services according to the preferences of the median voter, for whom private consumption is a necessity. Ideology is de…ned on preferences for public services and the impact of ideology upon the size of government increases with mean income. In empirical work ideology is measured using data based on party manifestos. Much of the increases and divergence in government size observed across OECD countries can be explained by the interaction of ideology and mean income.
Download Ideology and the Growth of Government.pdf (40 pages, 529KB) now for free.
Ideology and the Growth of Government
Download iPhone User Guide.pdf (iPhone OS 3.1 Software)
Content:
* Chapter 1: Getting Started [ Viewing the User Guide on iPhone ~ What You Need ~ Activating iPhone ~ Installing the SIM Card ~ Registering iPhone ~ Setting Up iPhone Using VoiceOver ~ Syncing ~ Mail, Contacts, and Calendar Accounts ~ Installing Configuration Profiles ~ Disconnecting iPhone from Your Computer ]
* Chapter 2: Basics [ iPhone at a Glance ~ Home Screen ~ Buttons ~ Touchscreen ~ Onscreen Keyboard ~ Searching ~ Voice Control ~ Stereo Headset ~ Connecting to the Internet ~ Battery ~ Security Features ~ Cleaning iPhone ~ Restarting and Resetting iPhone ]
* Chapter 3: Phone [ Phone Calls ~ Visual Voicemail ~ Contacts ~ Favorites ~ Ringtones and the Ring/Silent Switch ~ Bluetooth Devices ~ International Calls ]
* Chapter 4: Mail [ Setting Up Email Accounts ~ Sending Email ~ Checking and Reading Email ~ Searching Email ~ Organizing Email ]
* Chapter 5: Safari [ Viewing Webpages ~ Searching the Web ~ Bookmarks ~ Web Clips ]
* Chapter 6: iPod [ Getting Music, Video, and More ~ Music and Other Audio ~ Videos ~ Setting a Sleep Timer ~ Changing the Browse Buttons ]
* Chapter 7: Messages [ Sending and Receiving Messages ~ Sharing Photos and Videos ~ Sending Voice Memos ~ Editing Conversations ~ Using Contact Information and Links ~ Managing Previews and Alerts ]
* Chapter 8: Calendar [ About Calendar ~ Syncing Calendars ~ Viewing Your Calendar ~ Searching Calendars ~ Subscribing to and Sharing Calendars ~ Adding Calendar Events to iPhone ~ Responding to Meeting Invitations ~ Alerts ]
* Chapter 9: Photos [ About Photos ~ Syncing Photos and Videos with Your Computer ~ Viewing Photos and Videos ~ Slideshows ~ Sharing Photos and Videos ~ Assigning a Photo to a Contact ~ Wallpaper ]
* Chapter 10: Camera [ About Camera ~ Taking Photos and Recording ~ Viewing and Sharing Photos ~ Trimming Videos ~ Uploading Photos and Videos ]
* Chapter 11: YouTube [ Finding and Viewing Videos ~ Controlling Video Playback ~ Managing Videos ~ Getting More Information ~ Using YouTube Account Features ~ Changing the Browse Buttons ~ Sending Videos to YouTube ]
* Chapter 12: Stocks [ Viewing Stock Quotes ~ Getting More Information ]
* Chapter 13: Maps [ Finding and Viewing Locations ~ Bookmarking Locations ~ Getting Directions ~ Showing Traffic Conditions ~ Finding and Contacting Businesses ]
* Chapter 14: Weather [ Viewing Weather Summaries ~ Getting More Weather Information ]
* Chapter 15: Voice Memos [ Recording Voice Memos ~ Listening to Voice Memos ~ Managing Voice Memos ~ Trimming Voice Memos ~ Sharing Voice Memos ~ Syncing Voice Memos ]
* Chapter 16: Notes [ Writing and Reading Notes ~ Searching Notes ~ Emailing Notes ~ Syncing Notes ]
* Chapter 17: Clock [ World Clocks ~ Alarms ~ Stopwatch ~ Timer ]
* Chapter 18: Calculator [ Using the Calculator ~ Standard Memory Functions ~ Scientific Calculator Keys ]
* Chapter 19: Settings [ Airplane Mode ~ Wi-Fi ~ VPN ~ Notifications ~ Carrier ~ Sounds and the Ring/Silent Switch ~ Brightness ~ Wallpaper ~ General ~ Mail, Contacts, Calendars ~ Phone ~ Safari ~ Messages ~ iPod ~ Photos ~ Store ~ Nike + iPod ]
* Chapter 20: iTunes Store [ About the iTunes Store ~ Finding Music, Videos, and More ~ Purchasing Ringtones ~ Purchasing Music or Audiobooks ~ Purchasing or Renting Videos ~ Streaming or Downloading Podcasts ~ Checking Download Status ~ Syncing Purchased Content
~ Changing the Browse Buttons ~ Viewing Account Information ~ Verifying Purchases ]
* Chapter 21: App Store [ About the App Store ~ Browsing and Searching ~ Info Screen ~ Downloading Applications ~ Deleting Applications ~ Writing Reviews ~ Updating Applications ~ Syncing Purchased Applications ]
* Chapter 22: Compass [ Getting Compass Readings ~ Compass and Maps ]
* Chapter 23: Contacts [ About Contacts ~ Adding Contacts ~ Searching Contacts ~ Managing Contacts on ]
* Chapter 24: Nike + [ Activating Nike + iPod ~ Additional Nike + iPod ]
* Chapter 25: Accessibility [ Accessibility Features ~ VoiceOver ~ Zoom ~ White on Black ~ Mono Audio ~ Speak Auto-text ~ Triple-click Home ~ Closed Captioning and ]
* Appendix A : Troubleshooting [ Apple iPhone Support ~ General ~ iTunes and Syncing ~ Phone and Voicemail ~ Safari, Text, Mail, and Contacts ~ Sound, Music, and Video ~ iTunes Stores ~ Removing the SIM Card ~ Backing Up iPhone ~ Updating and Restoring iPhone ]
* Appendix B : Other Resources [ Safety, Software, and Service Information ~ Viewing the User Guide on iPhone ~ Disposal and Recycling Information ~ Apple and the Environment ]
Click here to download iPhone User Guide.pdf for FREE
IMF: The Macroeconomics of Managing Increased Aid Inflows.pdf
INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
The Macroeconomics of Managing Increased Aid Inflows: Experiences of
Low-Income Countries and Policy Implications
Prepared by the Policy Development and Review Department
(In consultation with the Area, Fiscal, Monetary and Financial Systems,
and Research Departments)
Approved by Mark Allen
August 8, 2005
Contents
Executive Summary ................................................................................................................3
I. Introduction....................................................................................................................6
II. A Macroeconomic Framework for the Analysis of Increases in Aid Inflows ...............8
III. Findings from Country Cases ......................................................................................17
A. The Pattern of Aid Inflows .................................................................................17
B. Macroeconomic Context.....................................................................................21
C. Real Exchange Rate and Dutch Disease .............................................................23
D. Was Incremental Aid Absorbed? ........................................................................27
E. Was Incremental Aid Spent? ..............................................................................29
F. Monetary Impact of Aid and Policy Response ...................................................37
IV. Conclusions and Policy Implications...........................................................................48
A. Summary of Findings..........................................................................................48
B. PRGF Program Design Issues.............................................................................50
V. Final Considerations ...................................................................................................53
Text Boxes
Absorption, Spending, and Central Bank and Fiscal Accounting ...............................12
2. Terms of Trade Shocks and Aid Inflows .....................................................................26
3. Aid Volatility and the PRGF-Supported Programs .....................................................33
Figures
1. Total Net Budget Aid...................................................................................................20
2. Changes in Composition of Budgetary Aid .................................................................21
3. Exchange Rates and Aid Inflows.................................................................................25
4a. Programmed vs. Actual Levels of Fiscal Deficit (Excluding Aid) and
Net Budgetary Aid ....................................................................................................35
4b. Programmed vs. Actual Levels of Fiscal Deficit (Excluding Aid) and
Net Budgetary Aid ....................................................................................................36
5. Ethiopia and Ghana: Monetary Indicators ...................................................................39
6. Ethiopia and Ghana: Limited Aid Impact....................................................................41
7a. Tanzania and Uganda: Monetary Indicators ................................................................44
7b. Mozambique: Monetary Indicators..............................................................................45
8. Mozambique, Tanzania and Uganda: Domestic Expenditure Exceeds Absorption ....47
Tables
1. Patterns of Aid Inflows ................................................................................................18
2. GDP Growth, Inflation and Private Investment...........................................................22
3. The Real Effective Exchange Rate ..............................................................................24
4. Balance of Payments Identity ......................................................................................28
5. Allocation of Incremental Net Budgetary Aid: Spent or Saved ..................................30
6. Domestic Debt and Debt Service Indicators................................................................31
7. Classification by Aid Absorption and Expenditure .....................................................37
Appendices
Appendix I. Methodology for Sample Selection ..............................................................56
Appendix II . Dutch Disease: Theory and Evidence ...........................................................59
References ............................................................................................................................62
Download IMF: The Macroeconomics of Managing Increased Aid Inflows.pdf (66 pages, 322KB) Thank Robin for sending
Measurement and Modeling of the Economic Effects.pdf by Drusilla K. Brown
Measurement and Modeling of the Economic Effects of Trade and Investment Barriers in Services by Drusilla K. Brown, Tufts University and Robert M. Stern, University of Michigan.
Prepared for the Coalition of Service Industries (CSI) World Services Congress
Atlanta, GA, November 1-3, 1999.
In this paper, we adapt the latest version of the Michigan Model of World Production and Trade to incorporate relationships and data for cross-border services trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the major developed and developing countries subsumed in the model’s structure and database.
Firms are taken to be monopolistically competitive. Each firm produces a set of differentiated products. Products are differentiated both by the original R&D undertaken at headquarters that defines the basic product and by the final location of production. Each firm faces a fixed cost in the country where production occurs, and it then sets an optimal mark-up of price over marginal cost for sales from each location. Free entry guarantees that profits are zero.
Firms locate production for export or for local consumption depending on the type of barriers restraining the conduct of multinationals. In this version of the model, barriers to trade in services take two forms. First, firms may face an ad valorem tax on local capital installed. Second, foreign affiliate firms may face a policy-induced fixed cost of production for local operations.
We report the impact on welfare, trade, factor prices, sectoral output, economies of scale, and activities of multinationals that might occur following the introduction of national treatment of multinational firms in all countries of the model.
Download Measurement and Modeling of the Economic Effects.pdf now (38 pages, 145KB) Thank Robin for sending.
Macroeconomics.pdf Edited by Stefano Lucarelli
Actually this Macroeconomics.pdf was edited by Stefano Lucarelli for the Master in Microfinance 2007-08
Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that deals with the performance, structure, and behavior of a national economy as a whole. Macroeconomists seek to understand the determinants of aggregate trends in an economy with particular focus on national income, unemployment, inflation, investment, and international trade. In contrast, microeconomics is primarily focused on the determination of prices and the role of prices in allocating scarce resources. Macroeconomic models and their forecasts are used by both governments and large corporations to assist in the development and evaluation of economic policy and business strategy.
Until the 1930s, most economic analysis did not separate out individual behaviour from aggregate behavior. With the Great Depression of the 1930s and the development of the concept of national income and product statistics, the field of macroeconomics began to expand. Before that time, comprehensive national accounts, as we know them today, did not exist. Theoretically, the ideas of the British economist John Maynard Keynes, who worked on explaining the Great Depression, were particularly influential. The traditional distinction is between two different approaches to economics: Keynesian economics, focusing on demand; and supply-side (or neo-classical) economics, focusing on supply. Neither view is typically endorsed to the complete exclusion of the other, but most schools do tend clearly to emphasize one or the other as a theoretical foundation.
Download Macroeconomics.pdf now (54 pages, 1.37MB) Thank for Robin for sending this out.
Money versus Currency.pdf
You can learn something just by looking at the Title of this ebook: Money versus Currency.
It is available for free at http://www.uhuh.com/unreal/moncur.htm.
Explaining that money is unreal, imaginery, intangible
Much confusion exits about money and currency. (Note the color assigments.) As you have no doubt figured out, the IBLs (International Banklords) like it that way because it blows out a natural smoke screen that plays right in to their greedy pockets. Farmers Credit Tickets was left as simple as possible to make it interesting for you. Its purpose was to get the basic idea of money across to you. Here, now, is an explanation of the difference between money and currency.
Two concepts exist that must be understood. If you don’t grasp these two concepts, the banklords will continue to enslave you by making you work for them for free. Not too good a thought, is it? So, let’s fix it. Okay? Good. The two concepts are
1. Money is unreal, meaning imaginary, intangible.
2. Currency is NOT money, but merely represents money.
Download Money versus Currency.pdf (8 pages, 115kb)
Why Business Ethics? by John Hooker
Everyone agrees that business managers must understand finance and marketing. But is
it necessary for them to study ethics?
Managers who answer in the negative generally base their thinking on one of three
rationales. They may simply say that they have no reason to be ethical. They see why they
should make a profit, and most agree they should do so legally. But why should they be
concerned about ethics, as long as they are making money and staying out of jail?
Other managers recognize that they should be ethical but identify their ethical duty with
making a legal profit for the firm. They see no need to be ethical in any further sense, and
therefore no need for any background beyond business and law.
A third group of managers grant that ethical duty goes further than what is required by
law. But they still insist that there is no point in studying ethics. Character is formed in
childhood, not while reading a college text or sitting in class.
These arguments are confused and mistaken on several levels. To see why, it is best to
start with the question raised by the first one: why should business people be ethical?
Note: Why Business Ethics was written by John Hooker in April 2003.
You can feel free to download this eBook from Carnegie Mellon University website. Download Why Business Ethics? now.